Calculator



J, W. YOUNG April 6, 1937.

CALCULATOR Filed April 18, 1955 MANIFOLD PREssuRE IN INCHES oF oF comausTmLE MATERIAL Emmi gwuc/wkyo Jhn W 15u17 @www W/ //o, 12 @j 3% e Z3 Patented Apr. 6, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application April 18,

6 Claims.

My invention relates to a calculator for power plants.

As is well known in any type of power plants, there are certain readings which are available by using instruments. It has been found that these readings do not always give the complete information concerning the operation of the power plant. When a power plant is combined with a vehicle, such as an airplane, there are other faclo tors which depend upon and vary with the operation of the power plant, depending n the type of the latter being used, such as a carburetor gasoline engine, fuel injection engine, Diesel engine, etc., as these units which are readable from 1:, instruments are not always the same.

The object of my invention is to provide, in la manner kas hereinafter set forth, a calculator whereby an operator may, at any given time, visually ascertain the facts concerning the power o plant, or a power plant and vehicle, such as an airplane which he is operating.

A further object of my invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a calculator whereby the various factors which are readable or able to be observed or are known can be combined, in a very short time, to give a result in a more useful form for the operator, or visually give to the operator information which Will allow him to operate all the items concerned more satisfactorily and more closely to the perfection of operation which he desires.

A further object of my invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a calculator which will visually give to an operator, readings for which he must adjust the readings of his instruments to meet the desired characteristics of his power plant or combination of power plant and vehicle such as an airplane.

To the above ends essentially and to others which may hereinafter appear, my invention consists of such parts and such combination of parts 'which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the calculator, in accordance with my invention, and

Figure 2 is a section on line 2-2, Figure 1.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing, a carrier is indicated at 4 and it consists of a rectangular plate provided in its outer face in proximity and parallel to the side edges 6, 1 thereof with the channels 8, 9 respectively extending lengthwise of and opening at the end edges I0 of the carrier. 'I'he plate 5, in its outer face and between its longitudinal median and channel 8, is

1935, Serial No. 17,144

formed with a dovetail groove II extending lengthwise of and opening at the end edges Ill of the carrier. The groove II is parallel to and of greater width than the channels 8, 9. The outer face of plate 5 has formed therein a dovetail groove I2 of less width than the groove II. The groove I2 extends lengthwise of and opens at the end edges i0 of the carrier. The groove I2 is disposed` at an inclination throughout and is intersected by the longitudinal median of plate 5.

Shiftably mounted in the groove II is a dovetail slide I3 of a length corresponding to that of plate 5 and formed at its inner end with a finger piece I4 to facilitate the shifting thereof. The outer face of slide I3 is formed with a dovetail groove I5 extending from end to end thereof. Shiftably mounted in and of less length than groove I5 is a slide I8 having a finger piece Il at its inner end to facilitate the shifting of slide I6. Mounted in the groove I2 is a slide I8 having a finger piece I9. Preferably the slide I8 is fixed. The slide I8 carries a pair of scales to be referred to. When the slide I8 is fixed the scales carried thereby will be fixed. If slide I8 is movable it makes the scales carried thereby more general. 'Ihe plate 5, in proximity to its inner end edge I0, has extended therefrom a bearing knob for the thumb or finger when shifting the slides I3 and I6. Slidably connected and disposed in transverse relation with respect to the plate 5 is a pair of oppositely disposed combined indicator and coupler elements 2I 22 of like form, but with element 2I having its front of greater length than the front of element 22. Each of said elements includes a rear arm 23 bearing against the rear face of plate 5, a side arm 24 extended from the outer end of arm 23 and bearing against a side edge of plate 5 and a front arm 25 which has a portion of its length bearing against the outer face of plate y5. The arms 23 and 25 extend inwardly from the ends of the arm 24. The front arm has an inner tapered portion 26 and an outer rectangular portion 2l. The portion 26 merges into the inner end portion of 21 and is spaced from the outer face of plate 5. The outer end of the latter merges into part 24. The inner face of portion 2l is formed with a guide lug 28. The lugs 28 of elements 2i, 22 are arranged respectively in channels 8, 97. The inner ends of the front arms of said elements are pointed as at 29, 30. The elements 2l, 22 overlap plate 5 and are formed in proximity to said pointed ends 29, 38 respectively with openings 3|, 32 respectively. The openings 3|, 32 are provided for receiving the ends of a resilient straight line forming member 33.

The slide i3, at its outer end terminal portion adjacent each side wall of groove i i, carries scales 34, 35. The scale 34 is for altitude or air density for the first super-charger. The scale 35 is for 5 altitude or air density for the second supercharger. The slide l5 which has on its upper face indicia 36 graduated in units of combustible material entering the power plant. The slide l l5 has also on its upper face a pair of oppositely extendlo ing inner endwise merging arrows 3'?, 38 for association respectively withthe scales 34, 35. The slide I8 has on its upper face a pair of scales 39, 43 separated by a line extending lengthwise of the slide. The line may be straight or curved l5 but must always be within the slide I8. The line referred to is shown straight by way of example and indicated at 4i. The scale 3E] is graduated in fuel consumption arid the scale 43 in horsepower.

The outer face of plate 5 is provided lengthwise thereof with a line 42 which is arranged parallel to and in proximity to channel 9. The outer face of plate 5 is also provided on one side of line 42 with a fixed scale 43 graduated for R. P.

M. of the power plant for a first super-charger and on the other side of line 42 with a fixed scale 44 graduated for R. P. M. of the power plant for a second super-charger or any multiple thereof.

The outer face of plate 5 adjacent the inner 00 wall of groove li near the outer end of the latter is provided with a fixed temperature scale 45.

The slide i3 carries an arrow 48 which associates with the scale 45 and which may be set for the temperature of the air in which the power pla-nt :io is operating.

The element 'El is associated with scale 33. The element 22 is associated with the scales 43, 44. The line forming member 33 acts to provide a straight line from element 2l to element 22 and extended across the scales 39, 4E. The outer face of plate 5 is provided with suitably designated spaced indicators 4l', 48, 49, and 5e extending from the inner side edge of slide i3 to the line 42. These indicators are in the form of designated inclined broken lines. The line of indicator 4l' is indicated at 5l and its designation Take oif 52. The line of indicator 48 is indicated at 53 and its designation Cruising lst Sup. at 54.

The line of indicator 49 is indicated at 55 and its 50 designation Cruising 2nd Sup. at 5S. The line of indicator 5S is indicated at 5'! and its designation Greatest range at 38.

The function of indicators 4l, 43, 49, 5i! is to show the operator the position the resilient member 33 should be in in order to have the airplane or vehicle operate under the condition which member 33 designates. The operator sets elements 2l and 22 until the member 33 is on the indicator for the condition at which he wants G0 the airplane or vehicle to operate and then sets the sliding scales i3 and i6 for prevailing air temperature and the altitude respectively. The operator then reads the R. P. M. and the manifold pressure from the chart which his power plant must be adjusted to for the airplane or vehicle to operate at the condition which the member 33 designates.

As an example of the use of the indicator shown in Figure l. lf the power plant were a carburetor gasoline engine and the vehicle was an airplane, the operator would read his altimeter for the altitude of the airplane and set scale 3B by means of the arrow 37 or 33 for the altitude depending on which supercharger he was using. He would next read the temperature of the air from the thermometer and set slide I3 to correspond to the temperature of the air above or below the normal temperature (which he knows). He will next read his manifold pressure gauge and set element 2l for the reading. He would next read the tachcmeter and set element 22 for the R. P. M. using the side of the line corresponding to the super-charger he is using. Now the point of intersection of the member 33 and the line 4i on slide I8 gives the horse power the engine is developing and the approximate fuel consumption.

The units of the scale on slide l5 may vary depending on the type of ,power plant being used. Ihe units for the carburetor gasoline engine might be manifold pressure in inches of mercury. In the fuel injection engine the units of combustible material entering the cylinder might be in pounds per square inch of oil pressure.

The indicator will show the H. P. an engine is developing and the approximate fuel consumption if the air density or altitude at which the engine is operating of air temperature, the R. P. M. and the units of combustible material entering the cylinder are known; the readings for the instruments on the power plant for allowable take oif H. P. of, the engine; the readings for the instruments on the power plant for any percentage of full throttle H. P. i. e. (cruising at '75% power); and the readings of the instruments on the power plant for the greatest range of the airplane at any altitude or percentage of fuel load, i. e., best range with 5000 lb. load at`l0,000 feet altitude.

What I claim is:

l. A calculator including a carrier provided on its outer face with spaced means to constitute respectively fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales disposed in parallelism, xed first and second supercharger R. P. M indicating scales spaced outwardly from the horse power indicating scale and disposed in parallelism and a fixed air temperature indicating scale spaced outwardly from the fuel consumption indicating scale, disposed in parallel spaced relation to the first supercharger R. P. M. indicating scale and consisting of` a pair of oppositely disposed sets of progressively increasing indicia, a slide mounted in the said face of said carrier provided with means to constitute first and second superchargers altitude indicating scales arranged in parallel spaced relation and a pointer reading against said air temperature indicating scale, a second slide mounted in the rst slide extending between and provided with a pair of oppositely disposed pointers reading against said altitude indicating scales, and said second slide being provided with indicia graduated in units of combustible material supplied for consumption.

2. A calculator including a carrier provided on its outer face with means to constitute respectively fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales disposed in parallelism and xed first and second superchargers R. P. M. indicating scales disposed in parallelism and having the first superoharger R. P. M. indicating scale opposing in spaced relation said horse power indicating scale, a slide supported by the carrier and having its outer face flush with the said face of the carrier, said slide being provided with means to constitute a bodily shiftable unit of combustible material indicating scale opposing in spaced relation said fuel consumption indicating scale, a pair of selectively adjustable, oppositely disposed, spaced combined indicating and coupling elements slid- CIK ably connected to and including iront arms disposed transversely of the said face of the carrier, the front arm of one of said elements having its inner end associated with said first and second supercharger R. P. M. indicating scales, the front arm of the other of said elements having its inner end associated with said units of combustible material indicating scale, and a resilient straight line forming member arranged between and having its ends anchored to the inner ends of said front arms and adjusted by said elements, said member extending across and associated with the said fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales and having its ends associated with the others of the said scales.

3. A calculator including a carrier provided on its outer face with spaced means to constitute respectively fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales disposed in parallelism and fixed first and second supercharger R. P. M. indicating scales disposed in parallelism, the first supercharger R. P. M. indicating scale opposing in spaced relation said horse power indicating scale, a slide supported by the carrier and having its outer face flush with the said face of the carrier, said slide being provided with means to constitute a bodily shiftable unit of combustible material indicating scale opposing in spaced relation said fuel consumption indicating scale, a pair of selectively adjustable, oppositely disposed, spaced combined indicating and coupling elements slidably connected to and including front arms disposed transversely of the said face of the carrier, the front arm of one of said elements having its inner end associated with said rst and second supercharger R. P. M. indicating scales, the front arm of the other of said elements having its inner end associated with said units of combustible material indicating scale, and a resilient straight line forming member arranged between and having its ends anchored to the inner ends of said front arms and adjusted by said elements, said member extending across and being associated with the said fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales and having its ends associated with the others of said scales, and said carrier having said face thereof provided with spaced inclined indicators extending across said fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales and providing for the indicating of take-off, cruising and range.

4. A calculator including a carrier having its outer face provided with means to constitute an air temperature indicating scale consisting of a pairof oppositely disposed sets of progressively increasing indicators, a slide mounted in the said face of the carrier having on its outer face a pointer reading against said air temperature indicating scale, said slide having on its outer face a pair of spaced, parallel ilrst and second supercharger altitude scales, a second slide mounted in said rst slide arranged between said pair of altitude indicating scales and having on its outer face a pair of oppositely extending pointers reading against said altitude indicating scales, and said second slide having on its outer face indicia graduated in units of combustible material enter ing a power plant.

5. A calculator including a carrier provided on its outer face with spaced means to constitute respectively fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales disposed in parallelism, xed first and second supercharger R. P. M. indicating scales spaced outwardly from the horse power indicating scale and disposed in parallelism and a fixed air temperature indicating scale spaced outwardly from the fuel consumption indicating scale, disposed in parallel spaced relation to the first supercharger R. P. M. indicating scale and consisting of a pair of oppositely disposed sets of progressively increasing indicators, a slide mounted in the said face of said carrier provided on its outer face with means to constitute first and second supercharger altitude indicating scales arranged in parallel spaced relation and a pointer reading against said air temperature indicating scale, a second slide mounted in the first slide disposed between said altitude scales and provided on its outer face with a pair of oppositely disposed pointers reading against said altitude indicating scales, and said second slide being provided on its outer face with indicia graduated in units of combustible material entering a power plant, the said fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales being disposed at an inclination with respect to said slides and in a direction towardsthe outer portion of the rst supercharger R. P. M. scale.

6. In a calculator for power plants and of that type including first and second supercharger altitude, air temperature, first and second superchargers R. P. M., fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales and indicia graduated in units of combustible materialy supplied to a power plant, the combination of a carrier having its outer face provided with the said scales other than the altitude scales and said indicia, a wide groove, and each of its side marginal portions provided with a channel, said groove and each of said channels extending from one end to the other end of said face, one of said channels being arranged outwardly of and in proximity to the outer side of said groove, a slide mounted in said groove and provided with said altitude scales, said slide being formed with a pointer reading against said temperature scale and having its outer face grooved from end to end, a second slide mounted in the groove of the first slide provided with said indicia and a pair of oppositely disposed pointers reading against said altitude scales, a pair of spaced selectively adjustable oppositely disposed combined indicator and coupler elements having inwardly extending front arms disposed transversely of said face of the carrier, said front arms provided with means extending into said channels for slidably connecting the elements to the carrier, the front arm of one of said elements being associated with the indicia and the front arm of the other of said elements being associated with the said R. P. M. scales, and a resilient straight line forming member arranged between and having its ends anchored to the inner ends of said front arms, said member extending across and being associated with said fuel consumption and horse power indicating scales.

- JOHN W. YOUNG. 

